Authors
- AI tools may not be listed as an author or co-author.
- Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, originality, citations and all content produced with the assistance of automated tools.
- Use of generative AI beyond routine language correction, formatting or technical editing should be disclosed in the submission and, where material to the work, described in the publication.
- Authors should identify the tool and explain the purpose and extent of its use, and must verify generated information, sources and references.
- Generative AI should not be treated as a scholarly source or used as a substitute for citing the primary source.
- Confidential manuscripts, personal data, protected research data or third-party material without appropriate rights must not be entered into public AI systems.
Reviewers and editors
- Unpublished manuscripts, reviews and confidential editorial information should not be uploaded to public generative-AI systems.
- Reviewers remain personally responsible for their review; AI may not replace expert assessment.
- Editors remain responsible for editorial decisions and may not delegate such decisions to an automated system.
- Automated tools may support similarity, integrity, formatting or technical checks, but their outputs require human verification.
Transparency
The Editorial Office may request clarification of AI use where it is relevant to the integrity of the work. Undisclosed use may be treated as a research-integrity concern when it affects authorship, reliability, data or sources.